Extraction of soluble compounds from cocoa shell with supercritical CO2. A methilxantines and fat case

Supercritical extraction is an effective technique for separating various compounds from natural matrices due to the properties from solvents, such as CO2, in supercritical state. In the present work, the supercritical extraction of theobromine, caffeine and fat from cocoa shell was carried out with...

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Main Authors:	González-Alejo, Fanny Adabel, Barajas-Fernández, Juan, García-Alamilla, Pedro
Format:	Online
Language:	spa
Published:	Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas 2019
Online Access:	https://revistaciencia.uat.edu.mx/index.php/CienciaUAT/article/view/1073
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spelling	oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article-10732020-01-29T09:30:00Z Extraction of soluble compounds from cocoa shell with supercritical CO2. A methilxantines and fat case Extracción de compuestos solubles de la cascarilla de cacao con CO2 supercrítico. Caso de metilxantinas y grasa González-Alejo, Fanny Adabel Barajas-Fernández, Juan García-Alamilla, Pedro theobromine caffeine fat supercritical extraction cocoa shell teobromina cafeína grasa extracción supercrítica cascarilla de cacao Supercritical extraction is an effective technique for separating various compounds from natural matrices due to the properties from solvents, such as CO2, in supercritical state. In the present work, the supercritical extraction of theobromine, caffeine and fat from cocoa shell was carried out with supercritical CO2. A 22 design with 5 central points was proposed, with static operation conditions, having pressure (2 000 psi to 6 000 psi) and extraction temperature (318 K to 333 K) as study factors. The residues were analyzed in the extraction chamber to evaluate the removal and residual percentages of fat, caffeine and theobromine, respectively. The results showed a yield between 1.72 % to 9.57 %, with a removal rate for fat and caffeine of 61.31 % to 94.54 % and 38.52 % to 78.38 %, respectively. The theobromine was retained in the shell powder with a residual ratio greater than 90 %. The effects of temperature and pressure for fat were predicted through a first order polynomial with interaction effects, but not for caffeine or theobromine. The extraction method was efficient to remove fat and caffeine, leaving a residue powder in the extraction chamber considered as high in functional compounds. La extracción supercrítica es una técnica efectiva para separar diversos compuestos desde matrices naturales, por las propiedades que le confiere a los solventes como el CO2 en estado supercrítico. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue la extracción supercrítica de teobromina, cafeína y grasa de la cascarilla de cacao con CO2 supercrítico. Se propuso un diseño 22 con 5 puntos centrales, en condiciones estáticas de extracción, teniendo como factores de estudio, presión (2 000 psi a 6 000 psi) y temperatura (318 K a 333 K). Se analizaron los residuos en la cámara de extracción para evaluar los porcentajes de remoción y residual de grasa, cafeína y teobromina, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron un rendimiento entre 1.72 % a 9.57 %, con una razón de remoción para grasa y cafeína de 61.31 % a 94.54 % y 38.52 % a 78.38 %, respectivamente. La teobromina se retuvo en el polvo de la cascarilla con una razón residual mayor a 90 %. Los efectos de las variables de temperatura y presión para la remoción de grasa fueron predichos a través de un polinomio de primer orden con efectos de interacción, no así para cafeína o teobromina. El método de extracción fue eficiente para remover grasa y cafeína, quedando un residuo en la cámara de extracción considerado como rico en compuestos funcionales. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas 2019-01-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/html application/xml https://revistaciencia.uat.edu.mx/index.php/CienciaUAT/article/view/1073 10.29059/cienciauat.v13i2.1073 CienciaUAT; Vol 13 No. 2. January-June 2019; 128-140 CienciaUAT; Vol. 13 No. 2: Enero-Junio 2019; 128-140 2007-7858 2007-7521 spa https://revistaciencia.uat.edu.mx/index.php/CienciaUAT/article/view/1073/543 https://revistaciencia.uat.edu.mx/index.php/CienciaUAT/article/view/1073/564 https://revistaciencia.uat.edu.mx/index.php/CienciaUAT/article/view/1073/691 Derechos de autor 2019 CienciaUAT
institution	CIENCIA UAT
collection	OJS
language	spa
format	Online
author	González-Alejo, Fanny Adabel Barajas-Fernández, Juan García-Alamilla, Pedro
spellingShingle	González-Alejo, Fanny Adabel Barajas-Fernández, Juan García-Alamilla, Pedro Extraction of soluble compounds from cocoa shell with supercritical CO2. A methilxantines and fat case
author_facet	González-Alejo, Fanny Adabel Barajas-Fernández, Juan García-Alamilla, Pedro
author_sort	González-Alejo, Fanny Adabel
title	Extraction of soluble compounds from cocoa shell with supercritical CO2. A methilxantines and fat case
title_short	Extraction of soluble compounds from cocoa shell with supercritical CO2. A methilxantines and fat case
title_full	Extraction of soluble compounds from cocoa shell with supercritical CO2. A methilxantines and fat case
title_fullStr	Extraction of soluble compounds from cocoa shell with supercritical CO2. A methilxantines and fat case
title_full_unstemmed	Extraction of soluble compounds from cocoa shell with supercritical CO2. A methilxantines and fat case
title_sort	extraction of soluble compounds from cocoa shell with supercritical co2. a methilxantines and fat case
description	Supercritical extraction is an effective technique for separating various compounds from natural matrices due to the properties from solvents, such as CO2, in supercritical state. In the present work, the supercritical extraction of theobromine, caffeine and fat from cocoa shell was carried out with supercritical CO2. A 22 design with 5 central points was proposed, with static operation conditions, having pressure (2 000 psi to 6 000 psi) and extraction temperature (318 K to 333 K) as study factors. The residues were analyzed in the extraction chamber to evaluate the removal and residual percentages of fat, caffeine and theobromine, respectively. The results showed a yield between 1.72 % to 9.57 %, with a removal rate for fat and caffeine of 61.31 % to 94.54 % and 38.52 % to 78.38 %, respectively. The theobromine was retained in the shell powder with a residual ratio greater than 90 %. The effects of temperature and pressure for fat were predicted through a first order polynomial with interaction effects, but not for caffeine or theobromine. The extraction method was efficient to remove fat and caffeine, leaving a residue powder in the extraction chamber considered as high in functional compounds.
publisher	Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
publishDate	2019
url	https://revistaciencia.uat.edu.mx/index.php/CienciaUAT/article/view/1073
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Extraction of soluble compounds from cocoa shell with supercritical CO2. A methilxantines and fat case

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